Vaccine Therapy and Temozolomide in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

Inclusion Criteria: * Willing and capable of undergoing apheresis for collection of mononuclear cells * Histologically confirmed GBM (grade 4 astrocytoma) NOTE: gliosarcomas and other grade 4 astrocytoma variants (e.g., giant cell) may be included, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) variants are excluded; grade 4 oligodendrogliomas or oligoastrocytomas are specifically excluded * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0, 1, or 2 * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1500 / uL * Platelets (PLT) \>= 100,000 / uL * Hemoglobin (HgB) \>= 9.0 g/dL * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper normal limit (UNL) * Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\]) =\< 3 x UNL * Creatinine =\< 1 x UNL * Negative pregnancy test done =\< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only * Ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent * Willing to return to Mayo Clinic Rochester for follow-up * Willing to provide tissue and blood samples for mandatory correlative research purposes * Fixed or decreasing dose of corticosteroids (or no corticosteroids) \>= 7 days prior to registration * Completed standard external beam radiation with temozolomide * Achieved a gross total or sub-total resection at time of surgery Exclusion Criteria: * Current or prior treatment for this cancer with immunotherapy and/or any other investigational agents * Any of the following * Pregnant women * Nursing …