Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes After Membrane Sweeping

Inclusion Criteria: * Women with a singleton pregnancy and confirmed cephalic presentation at or after 37 weeks of gestation who are candidate for vaginal delivery were eligible for the study Exclusion Criteria: * Women with a multiple pregnancy, nonreassuring cardiotocogram, meconium stained amniotic fluid, major fetal anomalies, HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome, or severe preeclampsia and signs of intrauterine infections were not eligible. * women who are not candidates for vaginal delivery: placenta previa, breech presentation, planned repeat cesarean.