In this investigation the investigators utilized NAC administration to foster GSH availability during an 8-day period following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in order to test our hypotheses: i) antioxidant supplementation does not disturb performance and adaptations induced by exercise-induced muscle injury and ii) redox status perturbations in skeletal muscle are pivotal for the regulation of muscle' inflammatory response and repair.
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Change in reduced glutathione in blood
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in reduced glutathione in muscle
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Change in protein carbonyls in red blood cells and serum
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in protein carbonyls in muscle
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Change in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in red blood cells and serum
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in muscle
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Change in oxidized glutathione in red blood cells and blood
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in total antioxidant capacity in serum
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in oxidized glutathione in muscle
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Change in catalase activity in red blood cells and serum
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in glutathione peroxidase activity in red blood cells
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in creatine kinase activity in plasma
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in C-reactive protein in plasma
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in macrophage infiltration in muscle
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Change in white blood cell count in blood
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in neutrophil count in blood
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in fatty acid binding protein in plasma
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in cortisol concentration in blood
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in testosterone concentration in plasma
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in cytokine concentration in plasma
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in adhesion molecule concentration in blood
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 5 minutes post-exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in intracellular signalling proteins in muscle
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Change in myogenic determination factor (MyoD) protein levels in muscle
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Change in tumor necrosis factor α in muscle
Timeframe: one hour before exercise, 2 hours post-exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise