Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the commonest medical emergencies. The condition accounts for 150 per 100,000 populations. A National United Kingdom reported a crude overall mortality rate of 10%. While bleeding stops spontaneously in majority of patients at their presentation, there remains a subgroup of patients who continue to bleed or develop recurrent bleeding. In these patients, the mortality increases manifolds. If these high-risk patients can be identified, early interventions may improve their outcomes. Several prognostic indices are in use for the purpose of patient stratification. They include the Rockall, Glasgow-Blatchford (GBS) and the Baylor scores. The Rockall score is a composite score which incorporates clinical parameters as well as findings during endoscopy which was derived to predict mortality. The GBS is a pre-endoscopy or a clinical score for the prediction for the need of further intervention loosely defined as the need for transfusion, endoscopy or surgery. It has been shown to be accurate in identifying low risk patients for early discharge.
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Mortality
Timeframe: 30 days