Applying Pharmacogenetics to Warfarin Dosing in Chinese Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients ≥18 years old * Patients initiated on warfarin for venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation or heart valve replacement that require long- term oral anticoagulation with target INR ranged 1.5-3.0 for at least 3 months * Ability to attend scheduled visits * Signed informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Non-eligible subject * Pregnant,lactating or of child-bearing potential women * Patients with severe co-morbidities (e.g., renal insufficiency/creatinine \> 2.5 mg/dL,hepatic insufficiency, active malignancy, terminal disease) * Known genotype CYP2C9 or VKORC1 at start of the study