The main purposes of this randomized cross-over trial are to characterize and compare the effects of a moderate dose of caffeine intake in healthy physically active males on hydration and energy metabolism specifically: 1. Total body water and its compartments (intracellular and extracellular) assessed by by dilution techniques, and hydration state by urine specific gravity; 2. Total energy expenditure by double labeled water, resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry, and physical activity energy expenditure; 3. Energy expenditure in physical activity of daily living, in particular duration and intensity of activity. 4. If the changes occurred between placebo and caffeine ingestion on the main outcomes were dependent on specific covariates, namely body composition and dietary intake.
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Changes in Total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and hydration status from baseline to each experimental condition (Placebo or Caffeine)
Timeframe: day 0, day 4, and day 11
Changes in total energy expenditure (TEE), resting energy expenditure (REE), and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) between each experimental conditions (placebo or caffeine)
Timeframe: Day 4 and day 11
Changes in daily time spent in sedentary activities (DTSS), light activities (DTSL), moderate activities (DTSM), and vigorous activities (DTSV) between each experimental conditions (placebo or caffeine)
Timeframe: day 4 and day 11