Stopped: Slow, insufficient accrual and failure to meet endpoints.
Background: \- Radiation and chemotherapy treatments for anal cancer can cause irritation of the skin that can lead to redness and tenderness, and in some cases can be so severe that it results in blistering or peeling of the skin during treatment. These conditions cause discomfort and may require breaks from radiation treatment. Researchers are interested in determining whether MTS-01, a drug that protects cells and tissues from the effects of radiation, can be given before radiation treatment to prevent these side effects and reduce the irritation of the skin during chemotherapy and radiation for anal cancer. Objectives: \- To determine the safety and effectiveness of topical MTS-01 given before radiation in the groin and gluteal cleft of patients receiving combined radiation and chemotherapy for anal cancer. Eligibility: \- Individuals at least 18 years of age who have been diagnosed with cancer of the anal canal and are eligible to receive radiation and chemotherapy treatments. Design: * Participants will be screened with a physical examination, medical history, blood tests, imaging studies and physical examination of the anal canal, and biopsies as needed to evaluate eligibility for treatment. * Participants will be scheduled for radiation and chemotherapy treatments on the following schedule: * Radiation given 5 days per week for 6 weeks, with topical MTS-01 treatment on the skin in the groin areas and between the buttocks before each treatment * Mitomycin C given intravenously on days 1 and 29 of treatment * 5-Fluorouracil given intravenously over 4 days (first week and fifth week) during radiation treatment * Participants will be monitored throughout the treatment for side effects, with photographs of the treatment area and frequent blood tests. * Following the end of radiation, participants will have followup visits for 1 year with blood tests and imaging studies to evaluate the response to treatment.
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Number of Grade 1 and Higher Adverse Events Possibly, Probably, or Definitely Related to Topical MTS-01 and 5-Fluoruracil (5-FU)/Mitomycin C (MMC)/Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT)
Timeframe: Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately, 36 months and 10 days.
Number of Participants With Serious and Non-serious Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)
Timeframe: Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately, 36 months and 10 days.