This is a Phase II randomized trial designed to describe the magnitude of change between baseline and follow-up outcomes for symptom surveys and a battery of neuropsychological tests administered at time points corresponding before and after 10 weeks over observation in four groups: * A military population with post-concussion syndrome (mTBI) receiving local standard care * A military population with post-concussion syndrome (mTBI) receiving local standard care and sham hyperbaric oxygen sessions * A military population with post-concussion syndrome (mTBI) receiving local standard care and hyperbaric oxygen at 1.5 atmospheres sessions * A otherwise similar group with PTSD but no history of TBI receiving local standard care Differences and variability of the tests will be used for determining the optimum primary endpoint(s) for future trial, as well as for refinement of sample size and power calculations for these studies. The groups undergoing hyperbaric sessions will be assigned to receive HBO2 or sham using a randomized, double blind design. Active duty military (Army, Marine, Navy, Air Force) men and non-pregnant women residing in the United States and who will remain in the military for the entire study period, aged 18-65 years who have been deployed one or more times to the US Central Command since the initiation of Operation Enduring Freedom (October 7, 2001) who either: * have been diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a result of traumatic events that occurred during the qualifying CENTCOM deployment, but have no diagnosed or suspected lifetime brain injuries resulting in loss or alteration of consciousness; OR * have been diagnosed with at least one mild brain injury (mTBI) with persistent (\> 4 months) symptoms sustained during one or more of those deployments
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Post-Intervation Post-concussion Symptom Scores Using RPQ - Intent to Treat
Timeframe: Follow-up Visit 2; Day 56 (up to day 100) for groups not recieving HBO2, Day 70 for groups recieving HBO2
Change in Post-concussion Symptom Scores Using RPQ - Intent to Treat
Timeframe: Follow-up Visit 2; Day 56 (up to day 100) for groups not recieving HBO2, Day 70 for groups recieving HBO2
Post-Intervation Post-concussion Symptom Scores Using RPQ - Per Protocol Population
Timeframe: Follow-up Visit 2; Day 56 (up to day 100) for groups not recieving HBO2, Day 70 for groups recieving HBO2
Change in Post-concussion Symptom Scores Using RPQ - Per Protocol Population
Timeframe: Follow-up Visit 2; Day 56 (up to day 100) for groups not recieving HBO2, Day 70 for groups recieving HBO2