Analgesia in Labor, a Prospective Parallel Study to Compare Regional Analgesia and Intravenous (IV) Pethidine Analgesia

Inclusion Criteria: full-term, ASA physical status I or II nulliparous women in active labor with cervical dilatation of 5 cm and cephalic presenting fetus Exclusion Criteria: Patients who had diabetes mellitus, neurological disease, pre-eclampsia, or patients who had received parenteral analgesics or patients with contraindication to E or spinal analgesia, or patients with sensitivity to local anesthetics or opioids were excluded from the study.