F-18-Fluorocholine PET/CT and MR Imaging/ Spectroscopy in the Management of Primary and Recurrent Prostate Cancer

PRIMARY PROSTATE CANCER Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≤ 80 years * Karnofsky index ≥ 80 * First prostate biopsy * Presence of at least one of the following: * Total PSA 10 ng/mL * Total PSA 2.5-10 ng/mL with free-PSA \<20% and/or PSA velocity 0.75 ng/mL/year * Suspicious hypoechoic lesion at TRUS and/or suspicious finding at digital rec¬tal examination * Informed signed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Impaired capacity to consent * Coexistence of clinically-proven prostate cancer * Neoadjuvant hormonal treatment (including 5-α reductase inhibitors) * Contraindications to surgery * Contraindications to MR Imaging (see below) PROSTATE CANCER RELAPSE Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≤ 90 years * Karnofsky index ≥ 80 * Previous treatment for prostate cancer * No clinical recurrence based on standard work-up (abdominal / pelvic CT, MRI, and bone scintigraphy) * Biochemically proven relapse of prostate cancer (PSA \> 0.2 ng/mL after prostatectomy, nadir PSA+2 ng/mL (Phoenix definition) or ≤ 3 successive rising PSA levels (ASTRO definition) after curative radiotherapy). * Informed signed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Coexistence of another clinically-proven cancer * Contraindications to surgery or radiation therapy treatment