Assessing Screening Plus Brief Intervention's Resulting Efficacy (ASPIRE) to Stop Drug Use

Inclusion Criteria: * 18 years of age or older * Arrived for a visit in primary care * ASSIST Substance Specific Involvement Score of greater than or equal to 4 for subjects included in primary analyses; ASSIST Substance-Specific Involvement Scores of 2 or 3 for subjects included only in exploratory analyses * No previous MASBIRT intervention in the past 3 months * Fluent in English or Spanish * Two contacts who can assist with locating the subject for follow-up * Able to return to Boston Medical Center in the next 6 months for research study visits * Not pregnant (because care systems and resources differ greatly for such subjects) * Able to be interviewed by trained research staff (excluding those in acute discomfort or with significantly impaired cognition) Exclusion Criteria: * NOT 18 years of age or older * NOT Arrived for a visit in primary care * NO ASSIST Substance Specific Involvement Score of greater than or equal to 4 for subjects included in primary analyses; or NO ASSIST Substance-Specific Involvement Scores of 2 or 3 for subjects included only in exploratory analyses * ANY previous MASBIRT intervention in the past 3 months * NOT Fluent in English or Spanish * FEWER THAN two contacts who can assist with locating the subject for follow-up * NOT able to return to Boston Medical Center in the next 6 months for research study visits * Pregnant (because care systems and resources differ greatly for such subjects) * UN-Able to be interviewed by trained research staf…