Stone Disease in Children and Their Families

Inclusion Criteria: * Male and female patients of all races with a history of stone formation before age 20 years, patients with a history of stone formation between the ages of 4 and 19 years will be included regardless of current age or gender, healthy family members (\>4 years of age to 75 years) of the probands will be invited to participate in the study and will be characterized as an affected or unaffected patient by the testing, and sex- and age-matched pediatric normal volunteers will also be recruited as controls. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients will be excluded with voiding dysfunction or metabolic disorders including renal tubular acidosis, chronic renal insufficiency, intestinal malabsorption (inflammatory bowel disease, history of ileal resection or bladder augmentation, and cystic fibrosis), hyperparathyroidism, prolonged immobilization, vitamin D excess, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatasia, Bartter's syndrome, high dose steroid therapy, prematurity, and chronic lasix use. Any child with a bleeding diathesis or who is immunocompromised will be excluded given the increased risks of drawing blood. Participants who have been on anti-seizure medication such as Topamax or other lithogenic drugs and anti-seizure medication will be excluded.