Stopped: No funding received
Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is a term applied to acute renal failure associated with intravascular injection of iodinated contrast agents typically used for cardiac angiography. CIN occurs in about 15% of those who have had cardiac angiography, with dialysis required by about 0.5% of cases. The development of CIN is associated with other adverse outcomes including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death. The mechanism underlying the association with MACE and death is unclear and it is largely unknown whether measures reducing the frequency or severity of CIN also reduce these associated adverse events. The cause of CIN in humans is not known, but many preventive therapies have been tested based on our understanding of the mechanism underlying CIN from animal models. Despite multiple studies, no one drug or therapy has been proven to consistently prevent CIN at this time. Prophylactic fluid therapy is uniformly recommended as a component of preventive approaches for CIN. However, the optimal type, dose and duration of fluid therapy remain unclear. Existing studies suggest a role for isotonic saline\[3\] or bicarbonate\[4\]. Initial use of hypotonic fluid followed by isotonic fluid might allow a more rapid and sustained increase in tubular fluid flow by suppression of ADH. This should assist in reducing tubular fluid viscosity and the potential for injury by contrast medium. The aim of this research program is to design and test strategies for the prevention of CIN in patients undergoing elective cardiac angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The primary purpose of this pilot study will be to determine the biological plausibility of using a hypotonic solution for CIN prophylaxis. Specific Objectives: Primary 1. To compare the effects of two fluid prophylaxis strategies for CIN on urine output, urine pH, urine composition (urine metabolic profiling), a novel marker of renal injury (NGAL) and urine osmolality Secondary 2. To assess the relative sensitivity of definitions of CIN based on changes in serum creatinine or cystatin C within 72 hours post contrast. 3. To determine the feasibility of a future multicenter randomized trial of a hypotonic fluid prophylaxis strategy for the prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy.
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Serum creatinine, cystatin C,and urine samples for measurement of urine pH, osmolality, electrolytes and creatinine,NGAL and metabolic profiling
Timeframe: SeCr and Cystatin C will be collected at baseline 6hrs, 24, and 48 -72 hrs post cath, urine at baseline, pre-cath, and 6 hours post angiography