Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Inclusion Criteria: Children under the age of two are eligible for this protocol, but will not receive total body irradiation. Instead, children under the age of two will receive Busulfan/Cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) conditioning as the preparative regimen in order to obviate deleterious effects of radiation at this age. Patients who cannot receive total body irradiation (TBI) (for example those with prior radiation therapy) will also receive the Bu/CY conditioning. * Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) * All children and adults less than the age of 70 with AML who have achieved a first or second bone marrow remission are eligible for this protocol. Patients must undergo peripheral blood stem cell collection or marrow harvest while in remission and must not be expected to have better outcomes with allogeneic transplantation. * Patients with cytogenetic abnormalities suggesting an improved prognosis \[t(8:21), t(15;17) and inv(16)\] will be eligible for transplantation in first remission. * Allogeneic transplant with an HLA-identical sibling will be recommended for patients \<55 years. If the patient refuses allogeneic transplant, they may still be eligible for this protocol. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients can also be deemed not eligible for transplant because of specific organ toxicity. Specifically, patients with pre-existing compromise to the heart, lungs, kidney, CNS or liver may be excluded: * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance status: 0 or 1 * Heart…