Combined Alexandrite and Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Port Wine Stain Birthmarks

Plain-language summary

Port wine stain is a congenital, progressive vascular malformation of skin involving post-capillary venules that occurs in an estimated 4 children per 1,000 live births. Approximately 1,200,000 individuals in the United States and twenty-six million people worldwide have Port wine stain birthmarks. Since most of the malformations occur on the face, Port wine stain is a clinically significant problem in the majority of patients. Port wine stain should not be considered a cosmetic problem but a disease with potentially devastating psychological and physical complications. Personality development is adversely influenced in virtually all patients by the negative reaction of others to a "marked" person. Port wine stain are initially flat red macules, but lesions tend to darken progressively to purple, and by middle age, often become raised as a result of the development of vascular nodules. Hypertrophy of underlying soft tissue further disfigures the facial features of many patients.

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