Earlier studies have shown that high vitamin K-intake leads to improved bone and vascular health by increased carboxylation of Gla-proteins in these tissues. From all K-vitamins, Menaquinone-7 (MK7) has been identified as the most effective cofactor for the carboxylation reaction of Gla-proteins such as osteocalcin and matrix-gla protein. The question remains which dosage of MK7 leads to optimal carboxylation levels of these proteins. The primary objective of this double-blind randomized intervention study is to establish the optimal dose of MK7 for carboxylation of the vitamin K-dependent proteins osteocalcin in bone and matrix-gla protein in the vessel wall. The optimal dose will be the concentration at which osteocalcin and matrix-gla protein are \> 90% in the active (=carboxylated) form.
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undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC)
Timeframe: 12 weeks