Behavioral Treatment of Drug Abuse in Severe and Persistent Mental Illness (SPMI) Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder or a diagnosis of other severe mental disorder including bipolar disorder, major depression, or severe anxiety disorder (by definition, the patient has worked 25% or less of the past year; and/or the patient receives payment for mental disability) * a diagnosis of current dependence for opiates, cocaine, or marijuana * ability and willingness to attend treatment sessions for 6 months * ability and willingness to provide consent to participate * enrolled in mental health care Exclusion Criteria: * documented history of severe neurological disorder or severe head trauma with loss of consciousness * severe or profound mental retardation as indicated by chart review * inability to effectively participate in the baseline assessments due to intoxication or psychiatric symptoms on two successive appointments * had a substantial trial in either intervention of the Evaluation of Behavioral Treatment for Substance Abuse in Schizophrenia protocol (H-20680) * inability to attend group sessions due to transportation or other logistical problems * inability to attend scheduled treatment sessions on a regular basis for any reason, or to appropriately participate in research activities due to behavioral or psychiatric problems