Biobehavioral Recovery From Surgery and Anesthesia

Inclusion Criteria: * Subjects 18-65 years of age * Subjects who are English speaking * Subjects undergoing surgery in the supine position * Subjects who are undergoing a procedure where the surgical incision is expected to be at least 4 inches * Subjects who are undergoing a surgical procedure below the level of their arms. * Female subjects who have a negative Sure-Vue pregnancy test. * Subjects who are undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Exclusion Criteria: * If the scheduled surgery involves the head, neck or arms. * Subjects who have a history of chronic pain * Subjects who have cognitive disabilities secondary to medical, chemical and genetic causes. * Subjects who have peripheral vascular disease of the arms. * Subjects who have carpal tunnel syndrome. * Subjects who have psychiatric, substance abuse and cognitive impairments * Subjects who have had a stroke which has affected function of the upper extremities * Subjects who have had a mastectomy or other type of surgery which may have affected the lymph nodes of the arms * Subjects who do not have a telephone * Subjects who are having surgery under nerve block or regional anesthesia * Subjects who are pregnant * Subjects who have an electrical source, i.e. pacemaker or defibrillator