Endoscopic Evaluation of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIB) in Patients Presenting With Melena

Exclusion criteria

• ✕. Hematemesis as the presenting symptom;
• ✕. Gastroscopic findings accountable for the bleeding episode (i.e., presence of blood in the stomach, ulcers showing high-risk bleeding stigmata, bleeding gastroesophageal varices, Mallory-Weiss tear showing bleeding stigmata, portohypertensive gastropathy);
• ✕. Gastroscopic findings are normal.
• ✕. Uncontrolled bleeding requiring emergency surgery or mesenteric angiography;
• ✕. Has cardiac pacemaker or other electromedical implant;
• ✕. Is expected to undergo MRI examination or be in the vicinity of powerful electromagnetic fields between ingesting the capsule and its excretion;
• ✕. Active malignancy or history of a malignancy within 5 years prior to enrollment;
• ✕. Previous gastric surgery;