Cervical Position Sense, Core Stability, and Postural Balance in University Students With Upper Crossed Syndrome

Plain-language summary

This study aims to investigate the relationship between cervical position sense, core stabilization, and postural balance in university students aged 18-30 years with Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS). Upper Crossed Syndrome is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by muscle imbalance, including weakness of the deep cervical flexors, middle and lower trapezius, rhomboids, and serratus anterior, along with tightness of the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis major and minor. This condition frequently affects university students due to prolonged sitting, extensive computer use, and poor posture. While previous research has focused on discrete components of UCS such as posture correction or pain management, the combined effects of cervical proprioception, core stability, and postural balance remain poorly understood. A total of 48 participants will be enrolled and divided into two equal groups: 24 students diagnosed with Upper Crossed Syndrome and 24 healthy students as a control group. Assessments include cervical joint position error testing, core stabilization endurance tests (Unilateral Hip Bridge Endurance Test and Sahrmann Five-Level Core Stability Test), static balance evaluation using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and dynamic balance assessment using the Y-Balance Test. Pain intensity will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). This study will help identify neuromuscular and sensory mechanisms underlying these parameters and support evidence-based rehabilitation techniques to improve postural alignment, reduce musculoskeletal dysfunction, and enhance overall functional performance in this population.

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