Association Between Hypomagnesemia and Coagulopathy in Sepsis

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 20 years at the time of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. * Diagnosis of sepsis based on Sepsis-3 criteria \[confirmed or suspected infection + Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 2\]. * Admission to the ICU during the study period. * Serum magnesium level measured at ICU admission. * Coagulation parameters \[e.g., platelet count, Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio (PT-INR), fibrinogen, D-dimer\] within 24 hours of ICU admission. * Complete clinical and laboratory data for calculating the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) score. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with missing data on serum magnesium or coagulation markers at ICU admission. * ICU admissions due to non-infectious causes (e.g., trauma, elective surgery without infection). * Presence of pre-existing coagulopathy or hematologic malignancy affecting baseline coagulation (e.g., leukemia, hemophilia). * Known history of magnesium supplementation prior to ICU admission. * End-stage renal disease on dialysis, which may significantly alter magnesium handling. * Pregnant women, due to altered magnesium physiology. * Patients transferred from or to another hospital within 24 hours of ICU admission (incomplete follow-up).