The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can reduce perioperative pain in older adults with hip fractures. It will also evaluate its effects on physiological and psychological outcomes. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does adding TENS to usual care during the preoperative phase reduce pain intensity and analgesic consumption? Does TENS affect pressure pain threshold and vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate)? Researchers will compare active TENS to sham TENS (no perceptible stimulation) to see if TENS is effective in reducing pain and improving related outcomes. Participants will: * Undergo a standardized baseline assessment, including evaluation of pain, vital signs, anxiety, discomfort, and pressure pain threshold * Complete questionnaires assessing quality of life, physical activity, depressive symptoms, anxiety, fear of falling, and pain catastrophizing * Be randomly assigned to receive either active TENS or sham TENS * Receive a single 45-minute TENS session * Have their analgesic use recorded for the 24 hours before and after the intervention.
Age range
60 Years
Sex
ALL
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The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Pain intensity
Timeframe: Before and immediately after the intervention (single session)
Pressure pain threshold
Timeframe: Before and immediately after the intervention
Blood pressure
Timeframe: Before and immediately after the intervention
Analgesic consumption
Timeframe: 24 hours before and 24 hours after the intervention
Quality of life (SF-36)
Timeframe: Baseline (pre-intervention)
Physical activity level (IPAQ)
Timeframe: Baseline
Depressive symptoms
Timeframe: Baseline
Anxiety symptoms
Timeframe: Baseline
Fear of falling
Timeframe: Baseline
Pain catastrophizing
Timeframe: Baseline
Heart rate
Timeframe: Before and immediately after the intervention
Respiratory rate
Timeframe: Before and immediately after the intervention