This longitudinal, single-cohort, within-subjects study evaluates whether sequential exposure to Ventriloscope simulation stethoscope training, delivered after traditional auscultation instruction, enhances auscultation knowledge, clinical sound recognition skill, and self-reported confidence in Physical Therapy (PT) and Athletic Training (AT) students, and whether any enhancement is retained two months after training. All participating students receive both training modalities in sequence. Knowledge, skill, and confidence are measured at five timepoints (T1-T5) across approximately five months. A qualitative component examines student perceptions of the two training modalities.
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Auscultaqtion Knowledge Score
Timeframe: Measured at T1 (baseline, Week 0), T2 (immediately post-traditional, Week 0), T3 (~Week 8, pre-Ventriloscope retention check), T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8), and T5 (~Week 16, 2-month follow-up)
Clinical Sound Recognition Skill Score
Timeframe: Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (same schedule as the knowledge outcome; spanning approximately 16 weeks)
Self-Reported Auscultation Confidence
Timeframe: Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (spanning approximately 16 weeks)