Comparing Yoga Nidra, Yoga, and Control Condition on Pain in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain

Inclusion Criteria: * low back pain classified as symptoms localized to the posterior region of the trunk, extending from the lower margin of the last rib to the gluteal folds * low back pain for three months or longer with a average pain intensity = 3/10 on the 11-point numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) within the previous twenty-four hours * experienced three or more low back pain episodes within the past 3 years * fluency in English * ability to attend all visits * reliable email access. Exclusion Criteria: * systemic or neurological conditions that could alter sensation (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes) * any surgery or fracture within 6 months * blood-clotting disorders or contraindications to pressure and heat stimuli * current pregnancy and requirement for medical clearance to exercise (screened with Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire-Plus PAR-Q+ * not receiving physical therapy or chiropractor treatments for low back pain