This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of culturally tailored nurse-led holistic spiritual care in improving hemodynamic stability and psychological well-being among patients undergoing preoperative cardiac surgery in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Preoperative anxiety is common among cardiac surgery patients and can lead to increased blood pressure, heart rate, and overall physiological instability. In addition, psychological distress may negatively affect patient recovery and well-being. This multi-center randomized controlled trial involves adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery. Participants are randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group receives a 20-minute session of culturally tailored holistic spiritual care, including therapeutic communication, deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, spiritual reflection, and culturally appropriate prayer. The control group receives standard preoperative care. Primary outcomes include changes in hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure. Psychological well-being is assessed using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. The results of this study are expected to provide evidence on the effectiveness of integrating culturally responsive spiritual care into routine preoperative nursing practice to improve both physiological and psychological outcomes.
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Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Timeframe: Measured at baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention.
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Timeframe: Measured at baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention.
Heart Rate (beats per minute)
Timeframe: Measured at baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention.
Mean Arterial Pressure (mmHg)
Timeframe: Measured at baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention.