Conventional pacemakers involve placing a lead through a valve into the bottom right chamber of the heart. Research has shown that this is associated with an increased risk of valve dysfunction and mortality as well as impairment of heart function.Newer pacemakers such as leadless pacemakers and pacemakers that engage directly with the heart's native conduction system (known as left bundle branch pacemakers), are increasingly being adopted. However, the impact of these newer pacing technologies on the heart and tricuspid valve, as well as how they compare against each other, is unclear. We aim to study the impact of leadless pacemakers and left bundle branch pacemakers on cardiac function and tricuspid valve by conducting an acute study that will be performed in addition to the routine pacemaker implantation that the participant has been referred for. Both procedures will be performed in one sitting under general anaesthesia. Outcomes from this study will improve our understanding of how these pacing technologies affect heart and valve function and how they compare against each other. This will guide decision-making regarding the ideal type of pacemaker to be adopted, especially in patients who stand to suffer the most from developing tricuspid valve or heart dysfunction.
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Proportion of patients with acute pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy
Timeframe: From the start of mechanistic study until the end of the mechanistic study (i.e. approximately 2 hours)