The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the role of a high-calorie, high-protein oral nutritional supplement enriched with arginine in the prevention or reduction of post-surgical complications in adult patients undergoing scheduled colorectal surgery who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the administration of an arginine-enriched enteral formula decrease the occurrence of post-surgical complications compared to a standard high-protein, high-calorie formula? * Does the use of an arginine-enriched formula reduce the length of hospital stay and associated healthcare costs? Researchers will compare a high-protein, high-calorie oral nutritional supplement (ONS) enriched with arginine, omega-3, and nucleotides (Atémpero®) to a standard high-protein, high-calorie ONS without arginine (Diaba plus®) to see if the arginine-enriched formula significantly reduces postoperative complications, such as surgical site infections and dehiscence, as well as the duration of hospital stay. Participants will: * Undergo a comprehensive nutritional and clinical assessment, including body composition analysis via bioelectrical impedance and handgrip strength tests. * Receive individualized oral nutritional supplementation (either the arginine-enriched formula or the standard formula) as part of their preoperative preparation. * Participate in five follow-up visits (baseline, 24 hours pre-surgery, 24 hours post-surgery, 5 days post-surgery, and 30 days post-surgery) for anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical monitoring.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
ALL
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Presence of Postoperative Complications
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.
Surgical Site Infection
Timeframe: From the date of surgery to 30 or 90 days postoperatively, depending on the procedure.
Postoperative Intestinal Ileus
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.
Intra-abdominal Collection (Abscess)
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.
Intestinal Ischemia
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.
Intestinal Evisceration
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.
Bacteremia
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.
Suture Dehiscence
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.
Phlebitis
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.
Urinary Tract Infection
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.
Pneumonia
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.
Atelectasis
Timeframe: At 24 hours after the procedure and 30 days after surgery.