Thyroidectomy: Microscopic Versus Conventional

Inclusion Criteria: * Both Male or female patients. * Patients aged 18 to 65 years undergoing thyroidectomy for benign or malignant thyroid disease. * Patients with multinodular goiter, Grave's disease, thyroid carcinoma indicated for surgery based on their workup. * Candidates scheduled for unilateral lobectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy, or total thyroidectomy. * Patients with preoperative normal vocal cord mobility confirmed by laryngoscopy. Hemodynamically stable patients without significant comorbidities affecting surgery or anesthesia based on ASA classification (Class I-III). • Patients who provide informed consent to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: • Prior history of prior thyroid surgery. * Patients with evidence of lateral lymph node metastasis or local invasion on preoperative imaging (ultrasonography or computed tomography). * Patients with pre-existing hypocalcemia or parathyroid disorders. * Patients with severe medical comorbidities, including uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c \> 8%), chronic kidney disease (eGFR \< 30 mL/min/1.73m²), liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class B or C), or coagulopathy (INR \> 1.5 or platelet count \< 50,000/μL), will be excluded from the study. * Pregnant or lactating women. * Patients with invasive thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, or thyroid lymphoma requiring extensive radical surgery.