Massive rotator cuff tears are associated with significant pain, functional limitations, and prolonged rehabilitation following surgical repair. In the early postoperative phase, rehabilitation protocols are often limited due to surgical protection requirements, which may delay the restoration of motor control and shoulder function. Graded motor imagery (GMI), a movement representation technique that includes laterality recognition, motor imagery, and mirror therapy, has been shown to modulate cortical processing and improve pain and motor function in various musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. However, its potential role in early postoperative shoulder rehabilitation has not been adequately investigated.
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Pain Intensity (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS)
Timeframe: Baseline (postoperative day 0), 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery.
Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV)
Timeframe: Baseline (postoperative day 0), 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.
Passive Shoulder Range of Motion
Timeframe: 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery.