Title: Diagnosis and Impact of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) in Athletes During Altitude Training Study Description: We invite you to participate in a research study examining Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) in athletes. Your participation is entirely voluntary, and you may withdraw at any time without penalty. This study will take place over 2 to 4 months and includes both plains training and altitude training phases. Why is this study being done? The purpose of this study is threefold: To diagnose whether you have EIB (a condition that causes narrowing of the airways during or after exercise). To determine if altitude training induces or worsens EIB. To understand how having (or not having) EIB affects your athletic performance during altitude training. What will you be asked to do? You will be asked to complete the following procedures four times each (with about 2 weeks between each session): Blood Draws: Early morning fasting blood samples (approx. 4 ml from your arm). These are routine tests for the sports team. Exercise Challenge Tests: You will run on a treadmill while wearing a heart rate monitor. This test follows standard safety guidelines (ATS). Your breathing will be tested before exercise and several times after. These are routine tests for the sports team. VO2max Tests: You will run on a treadmill with a breathing mask to measure your maximum oxygen uptake. You will run until exhaustion, following a standardized protocol. Questionnaires: You will wear a heart rate monitor during training and complete short questionnaires about your breathing and how hard you feel you are exercising. How long will participation last? The total study duration is 2-4 months. Individual tasks take between 3 minutes (blood draw) and 50 minutes (exercise challenge). What are the risks? Blood Draw: Possible dizziness, bruising, or discomfort at the needle site. Breathing Tests: You may feel briefly dizzy or tired from blowing hard; this passes quickly. Chest pain is very rare. Exercise Tests: You will experience muscle fatigue and soreness. If you have EIB, you may feel short of breath, wheeze, or feel chest tightness. If symptoms become severe, the test will be stopped. Salbutamol (a standard asthma medication) may be given to relieve symptoms. Using salbutamol as described in this study is permitted under WADA anti-doping rules. What are the benefits? If you do not have EIB, you will receive an educational booklet on preventing EIB. If you do have EIB, you will receive a detailed report for your coach, personalized strategies, and long-term follow-up support. Compensation: If you complete the entire study, you will receive a commemorative gift. No compensation is provided for partial participation. Contact for Questions: If you have any questions about the study or your rights as a participant, please contact the principal investigator listed on the consent form or email the Shanghai Sports University Research Ethics Committee at lunli@sus.edu.cn.
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Incidence of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction
Timeframe: Week 3 (baseline), Week 5 (initial altitude training), and Week 12 (final altitude training)
Maximum Percentage Fall in FEV1 (FEV1 Decline Rate)
Timeframe: Week 3 (baseline), Week 5 (initial altitude training), and Week 12 (final altitude training)