This study evaluated the effects of Nigella sativa toothpaste on salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, PGE2, and MMP-8) in Indonesian Army personnel with gingivitis. The aim was to determine whether the toothpaste could reduce inflammatory marker levels associated with gingival inflammation.
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Change in salivary IL-1β levels.
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months of daily toothpaste use
Change in salivary PGE2 levels
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months of daily toothpaste use.