This prospective randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of different upper extremity positions on intraocular pressure (IOP) in adult patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three arm positions: adduction alongside the body, 90° abduction, or arms crossed over the chest. IOP will be measured using a Tono-Pen AVIA tonometer at predefined intraoperative time points. Hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation will also be recorded. The primary outcome is the change in intraocular pressure over time among the three groups. The findings of this study may provide clinically relevant data regarding the impact of upper extremity positioning on ocular physiology during spinal anesthesia.
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Change in Intraocular Pressure
Timeframe: From baseline (T0, before spinal anesthesia) to recovery unit (T6), during the intraoperative period (approximately 60-90 minutes).