A Study to Compare Elritercept With Epoetin Alfa to Treat Anemia in Adults With Very Low, Low, or Intermediate Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Who Need Regular Blood Transfusions

Inclusion criteria

• ✓. Male or female participants aged ≥ 18 years or older at time of signing the informed consent form (ICF).
• ✓. Able to understand the purpose and risks of the trial and voluntarily sign an ICF prior to any trial-related procedures being conducted and authorization to use protected health information and personal data in accordance to national and local privacy regulations.
• ✓. Documented diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome(s) (MDS) according to WHO 2016 classification that meets International Prognostic Scoring System - Revised (IPSS-R) classification of very low-, low-, or intermediate-risk disease, confirmed by central laboratory independent reviewer prior to randomization. Hemoglobin (Hgb), platelet, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) values should be collected greater than (\>) 14 days after red blood cell (RBC) transfusion or greater than (\>) 7 days after platelet transfusion, unless otherwise considered to be pretransfusion values.
• ✓. Bone marrow less than (\<) 5% blasts in an evaluable bone marrow collected at screening and confirmed by central pathology independent reviewer.
• ✓. Endogenous serum erythropoietin s (EPO) level of \<500 U/L. Should be results from blood samples collected \>14 days following an RBC transfusion to evaluate for eligibility unless considered pretransfusion values.
• ✓. Participant requires RBC transfusion, as documented by the following criteria. A transfusion requirement of 2 to 6 pRBCs units/8 weeks confirmed for a minimum of 8 weeks immediately preceding randomization.