This parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigates the effects of three different caffeine supplementation strategies on resistance training-induced adaptations in 120 caffeine-naive, inactive young adult males. Participants will undergo a 10-week supervised resistance training program. The four supplementation strategies are: (1) constant daily low-moderate dosing (4 mg/kg/day), (2) gradually escalating dose (2 to 6 mg/kg across weeks), (3) training-day-only caffeine (4 mg/kg/day), and (4) placebo. Primary outcomes include maximal strength, body composition (lean body mass and fat mass), skeletal muscle thickness, and training volume progression. Secondary outcomes include muscular endurance, jump height, flight-time-to-contraction-time (FT:CT) ratio, mechanistic/biological variables (epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, testosterone, creatine kinase, IGF-1), rate of perceived exertion, sleep/recovery parameters, and adverse effects.
Age range
18 Years – 30 Years
Sex
MALE
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Change in Lean Body Mass Measured by DXA
Timeframe: Baseline and post-test (after completing 10 weeks of interventions)
Change in Fat Mass Measured by DXA
Timeframe: Baseline and post-test (after completing 10 weeks of interventions)
Maximal Strength
Timeframe: Baseline, and post-test (after completing 10 weeks of interventions)
Total Training Volume Load
Timeframe: During the intervention period (all training sessions).
Change in Skeletal Muscle Thickness
Timeframe: Baseline and post-test (after completing 10 weeks of interventions)