The parent education and family support component in phase 2 aims to strengthen protective factors of healthy child development and reduce risk factors of child abuse and neglect among disadvantaged families by providing community-based preventive interventions for children and their significant adults. Participants include about 600 parents from randomly assigned 100 preschools to the four groups (group 1: hub + school support; group 2: school support; group 3: hub support; group 4: delay group). The primary hypothesis is to examine the efficacy of the parenting programs for young children and their parents from K1 to K3. The programs are delivered by social workers at kindergartens or community hubs. The second aim/hypothesis of this project is to investigate the overall synergy impact of the community hub. The success of the parent-child interactive program offers a foundation for the hub to further develop community-based parent education and family support programs that aim at building parents/caregivers' competence in optimizing child development and competence in caregivers and professionals through networking multiple ecological systems, i.e., family, school, and hub or other organizations in the community.
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Change in early parenting attitude
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4-6 months
Change in strength-based parenting practice
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 months
Change in child and parent relationship
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4-6 months