A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Incidence of Surgical Site Infections in Cesarean Section With and Without Subcutaneous Drain Placement at Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years * Able to communicate in Thai * Undergoing cesarean section, both elective and emergency procedures * Subcutaneous fat thickness ≥ 4 cm, measured preoperatively using a standardized ultrasound technique * Able to return for postpartum follow-up at Somdech Phra Boromrajthevi Hospital, Sriracha * Willing to participate in the study and able to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women with chronic immunosuppressive conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), HIV infection, severe anemia (Hb \< 10.0 g/dL), or uncontrolled diabetes * Presence of skin disease or skin infection at the abdominal surgical site * Evidence of infection prior to cesarean section * Abnormal bleeding disorders requiring specialized treatment * History of allergy to, or complications from, the use of wound drainage systems * Refusal to participate in the study