Many patients report dreams during intravenous (IV) propofol sedation, but it is uncertain whether listening to music changes how often dreams occur or how pleasant they feel. This single-center randomized study compared three auditory conditions during propofol sedation for elective surgery under spinal anesthesia or peripheral nerve block: (1) patient-selected preferred music, (2) matched non-preferred music, and (3) silence (headphones only). Music or silence was delivered through identical closed-back headphones starting 1-2 minutes before sedation and continuing until the end of sedation. The main outcomes were (1) whether a dream occurred (yes/no) assessed by a neutral modified Brice interview in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), and (2) dream pleasantness rated on a 0-10 scale among participants who reported a dream. Additional outcomes included coded dream content features, patient satisfaction, sedative dose, hemodynamic variability, early recovery measures, postoperative symptoms, and adverse events.
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Dream Incidence (Yes/No) by Modified Brice Interview
Timeframe: PACU: primary at 15 minutes (±5) after arrival; if not ready, repeated every 5-10 minutes up to 60 minutes (first valid interview within 60 minutes).
Dream Pleasantness (0-10 Numeric Rating Scale) Among Recallers
Timeframe: Same PACU interview window as above: 15 minutes (±5) after PACU arrival; repeated every 5-10 minutes up to 60 minutes until readiness is met (first valid interview within 60 minutes).