Olive leaf extract (OLE) is a natural supplement rich in phenolic compounds, especially oleuropein, which has antioxidant properties that may support recovery after physical exercise. While OLE has been studied for various health-related effects, its potential impact on exercise recovery and performance in elite athletes remains unclear. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the effects of four weeks of OLE supplementation on physical performance, sleep quality, and post-exercise muscle soreness in elite male handball players aged 18 to 25 years. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a daily OLE supplement (500 mg, standardized to 25% oleuropein) or a placebo for four weeks. Physical performance, sleep quality, and muscle soreness were assessed at baseline, during the intervention, and at the end of the study period. Muscle soreness was additionally evaluated at 12 and 24 hours following exercise sessions.
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Muscle Soreness
Timeframe: Baseline, After intervention (two week later), After intervention (fourt week later)
Squat jump height
Timeframe: Performance outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 2, and week 4 of the intervention period.
Peak anaerobic power
Timeframe: baseline, week 2, and week 4.
Countermovement jump height
Timeframe: Assessments were conducted at baseline, week 2, and week 4. Higher values indicate better explosive performance.
Mean anaerobic power
Timeframe: Baseline, week 2, and week 4
Fatigue index
Timeframe: Baseline, week 2, and week 4