Emergency front-of-neck access (eFONA) represents the final lifesaving intervention in a pediatric "can't intubate, can't oxygenate" scenario. Despite its importance, there is no consensus on the optimal eFONA technique in infants, and existing evidence is limited by low-fidelity models and a lack of randomized crossover comparisons. The objective of this randomized crossover simulation trial is to compare a surgical scalpel-bougie tracheostomy technique with a percutaneous Seldinger-guided technique under standardized, high-fidelity simulated infant emergency conditions. Using a rabbit cadaver model with simulated bleeding, physiological deterioration, and anatomical constraints, the study aims to assess time to successful ventilation and procedure-related injury patterns for both techniques.
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Performance Time
Timeframe: During the procedure; measured from initial palpation of the trachea until establishment of a secured airway with confirmed lung ventilation