This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study aiming to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a combined conversion therapy strategy for patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).The primary objective is to assess the outcomes of intention-to-treat (ITT) patients who received multidisciplinary conversion therapy. This therapy combines locoregional treatments (LRT, such as TACE or radiotherapy) with systemic therapy (anti-VEGF/tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors) with the goal of down-staging tumors to allow for subsequent curative resection. The study plans to enroll 300 subjects. The exposure group will include approximately 100 patients with initially unresectable HCC who received the combined conversion therapy between January 2018 and December 2024. A control group of about 200 patients with initially resectable HCC who underwent direct radical surgery during the same period will be used for comparison. Data will be collected retrospectively from hospital electronic medical records and the HCC clinical database, with follow-up until December 2025.
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Conversion Rate
Timeframe: From the start of conversion therapy until the completion of therapy (assessed up to 24 months).
1-, 2-, and 3-year OS in ITT Population
Timeframe: Starting from conversion therapy, evaluate at 1, 2, and 3 years.
Resection Rate After Conversion
Timeframe: From the start of conversion therapy to the day of surgery (with a maximum evaluation period of 24 months).