End-of-life Care in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: Impact of a Comprehensive Palliative Care Protocol in the Intensive Care Setting

Inclusion Criteria: * Patient: * Age ≥ 18 years * ICU admission for more than 48 hours * Receiving invasive mechanical ventilation * A documented decision to withdraw life-sustaining therapies, made through a multidisciplinary collegial process and communicated to the designated surrogate decision-maker, family, or relatives * At least one visit from a relative prior to the decision to withdraw life-sustaining therapies * Provision of informed consent for study participation, or, if the patient lacks decision-making capacity, consent obtained from a relative or legally authorized representative * Relative: * Age ≥ 18 years * Has received at least one medical update regarding the patient's clinical status from an ICU physician prior to the decision to withdraw life-sustaining therapies * Has provided informed consent for study participation Exclusion Criteria: * Patient: * Presence of a tracheostomy * Brain death or involvement in an organ donation procedure * Absence of any visit from a relative * Subject to legal guardianship or other legal protection measures * Incarcerated patient * Participation in another interventional research study focused on end-of-life care * Pregnant or breastfeeding woman * Relative: * Inability to understand or speak French * Subject to legal guardianship or other legal protection measures