Do We Really Bleed in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy? A Single-Surgeon, Single-Center Experience

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) * Availability of complete intraoperative and postoperative follow-up data * Availability of preoperative and postoperative complete blood count and biochemical laboratory results Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy * Conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery during PCNL * Simultaneous additional surgical procedures, bilateral or synchronous bilateral PCNL * Known coagulation disorders, hematological diseases, or active bleeding in the preoperative period * Use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy without appropriate perioperative management * Preoperative blood transfusion requirement * Severe intraoperative hemodynamic instability affecting the surgical course * Missing hemoglobin or hematocrit data, insufficient transfusion or complication records * Inadequate postoperative follow-up or transfer to another institutionConversion to open or laparoscopic surgery during PCNL * Simultaneous additional surgical procedures, bilateral or synchronous bilateral PCNL * Known coagulation disorders, hematological diseases, or active bleeding in the preoperative period * Use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy without appropriate perioperative management * Preoperative blood transfusion requirement * Severe intraoperative hemodynamic instability affecting the surgical course * Missing hemoglobin or hematocrit data, insufficient transfusion or complication records * Inadequate postoperative follow-u…