The goal of this observational study (retrospective multicenter cohort study) is to learn if precision medicine approaches-including genetic testing, targeted drugs, and coordinated care from multiple specialists-can improve health outcomes and lower medical costs for people with neurocutaneous syndromes (NCS) in Western China, where healthcare resources are limited. NCS includes four main conditions: neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), and von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). The main questions it aims to answer are: * Do genetic testing and targeted drugs help people with NCS live longer without disease getting worse? * Do these approaches better control seizures (for TSC and SWS) and shrink tumors (for NF1 and VHL)? * Do they reduce the total cost of medical care? Researchers will compare two groups to see the effects: participants who received precision medicine (genetic testing + targeted drugs + multidisciplinary care) versus those who received standard, uncoordinated care. Participants will: * Undergo genetic testing to identify specific gene changes linked to their NCS * Receive targeted drugs (e.g., mTOR inhibitors for TSC, MEK inhibitors for NF1) if eligible * Attend regular checkups, imaging scans (like MRI), and follow-up visits for an average of 11.4 years * For those in the multidisciplinary care group, receive coordinated care from neurologists, geneticists, surgeons, and other specialists (with remote telemedicine visits for those living far from hospitals)
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Progression-free survival (PFS)
Timeframe: 12 months
Seizure control
Timeframe: 12 months
Tumor response
Timeframe: 12 months
Quality of life: SF-36 Score
Timeframe: 12 months