Insertion of copper IUDs is often associated with moderate pain, which may reduce acceptance and continuation rates. Factors such as nulliparity and absence of prior vaginal delivery are known to increase pain perception. Women who have delivered only by cesarean section represent a special subgroup because their cervix has not undergone vaginal dilation and cervical remodeling, making insertion technically more difficult and often more painful. This group has been underrepresented in prior analgesia trials, highlighting an important evidence gap.
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AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
pain during IUD insertion
Timeframe: immediately after IUD insertion. at the time if IUD release into the uterine cavity