The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) combined with spiral muscle chain training in improving spinal function and posture in adolescents aged 13 to 18 years with spinal curvature abnormalities. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does exercise-based intervention improve trunk inclination angle, kyphotic angle, and body balance parameters in adolescents with spinal curvature abnormalities? Does the combined intervention improve spinal mobility and paraspinal muscle endurance compared with single-intervention approaches? Does the combined intervention lead to favorable changes in surface electromyography (sEMG) indicators of the paraspinal muscles? Researchers will compare a PNF therapy group, a spiral muscle chain training group, and a combined PNF plus spiral muscle chain training group to assess differences in trunk inclination angle, kyphotic angle, spinal mobility, paraspinal muscle endurance, and neuromuscular activation outcomes. Body mass index, fat-to-muscle ratio, and other body-composition-related indicators will be analyzed as exploratory post hoc outcomes. Participants will: Be assigned to one of three intervention groups: PNF therapy alone, spiral muscle chain training alone, or combined PNF plus spiral muscle chain training. Participate in supervised exercise training sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. Undergo pre- and post-intervention assessments, including body composition testing, electronic spinal measurements, and surface electromyography testing.
Age range
13 Years – 18 Years
Sex
ALL
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Change in Trunk Tilt Angle (ATI)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Change in Kyphotic Angle (KA)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Change in Body Balance Parameters
Timeframe: Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention