The study is divided into three phases: Phase 1: Baseline survey to obtain an overall understanding of the current situation of voluntary participation in prenatal perineal massage. Phase 2: Follow-up survey to further assess the current situation of voluntary prenatal exercise and prenatal perineal massage. Phase 3: Implementation of an intervention combining prenatal exercise and perineal massage. The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether a combined prenatal program of supervised, moderate-intensity exercise plus professionally administered antenatal perineal massage can improve maternal and newborn outcomes and can be safely implemented as part of routine antenatal care in healthy pregnant women receiving care at participating hospitals. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does the combined prenatal program reduce urinary incontinence during pregnancy and after delivery? 2. Does the combined prenatal program reduce depressive symptoms during pregnancy and in the postpartum period? 3. Does the combined prenatal program lower the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus? 4. Does the combined prenatal program reduce neonatal complications, including macrosomia? 5. Do spontaneous, self-initiated prenatal exercise and structured, supervised prenatal exercise differ in their effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes ()? Researchers will compare the combined prenatal program to usual antenatal care to determine whether the intervention improves maternal and neonatal outcomes and is safe, feasible, and acceptable in a real-world clinical setting. Participants will: 1. Be screened and enrolled during pregnancy and complete baseline and follow-up assessments during pregnancy and after delivery. 2. Be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a usual-care control group. 3. If assigned to the intervention group, attend supervised moderate-intensity exercise sessions three times per week (approximately 60 minutes per session) throughout pregnancy and receive antenatal perineal massage delivered by trained health professionals during late pregnancy. 4. Provide questionnaire-based information and clinical data collected during routine visits and from medical records for outcome evaluation.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
FEMALE
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Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) total score
Timeframe: Baseline (after randomization); 28 and 36 weeks' gestation; and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 months postpartum
Number of participants with urinary incontinence assessed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ)
Timeframe: 34 weeks' gestation; and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months postpartum
Number of participants diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Timeframe: 24-28 weeks' gestation (routine screening), at any time during pregnancy (up to 40 weeks of gestation) if clinically indicated.
Maternal weight (kg)
Timeframe: Pre-pregnancy (self-reported at baseline); early pregnancy (≤13 weeks' gestation); mid-pregnancy (24-28 weeks' gestation); late pregnancy (34-36 weeks' gestation); and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months postpartum