The Effect of Different Hemostatic Agents on Hemorrhage Control, Pain and Quality of Life After Endodontic Microsurgery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Consecutive informed and consenting healthy subjects (ASA 1-2) of both genders with no medical history of systemic disease and presenting a diagnosis of symptomatic or asymptomatic apical periodontitis in correspondence of endodontically treated teeth with medium (2-5 mm3) and large (≥5 mm3) periapical lesions. * Subjects with periapical defects with one or two residual cortical walls. * Subjects with clinical indications for retrograde endodontic retreatment: teeth presenting inadequate root canal treatment with periapical radiolucency and impossible access through orthograde retreatment due to the presence of prosthetic restorations, posts, canal blocks and ledges. * Subjects with teeth presenting an adequate coronal seal and absence of pathological periodontal records. Exclusion Criteria: * Subjects affected by diabetes mellitus. * Subjects affected by hypertension. * Subjects affected by hepatic or renal diseases. * Subjects affected by bleeding disorders, antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. * Women experiencing pregnancy. * Subjects with teeth considered not restorable. * Subjects with dental elements affected by fractures. * Subjects with dental elements affected by extensive periodontal defects. * Subjects with bone cavity designs with no residual cortical walls.