Design: Two-arm parallel randomized clinical trial in mixed dentition (6-12 years). Arms: (1) 9 mm, 900 g leaf expander; (2) 9 mm Hyrax expander. Follow-up: From appliance insertion ā completion of intended expansion ā 6-month retention. Primary outcome: Pain perception during the first 7 days post-insertion (daily patient-reported scale). Secondary outcomes: Skeletal and dental changes on CBCT.
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Pain perception
Timeframe: first week after appliance insertion