Exploratory Clinical Study and Validation of Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease

Inclusion Criteria: For All Participants (HV and AD groups): * Age between 50 and 85 years * Ability to understand and sign informed consent * Availability for the full duration of the study (24 months) * Fasting capability for morning sample collection (between 8:30-12:00) * Willingness to provide blood and urine samples for biomarker analysis and biobank storage Additional Criteria for Healthy Volunteers (HV): * No history or current diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease * Normal cognitive function confirmed by neuropsychological testing (e.g., MMSE score within normal range) * No significant abnormalities on brain imaging (CT or MRI if performed) * No use of medications affecting cognitive function Additional Criteria for Alzheimer's Disease Patients (AD): * Clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease based on standardized criteria * Cognitive impairment confirmed by neuropsychological testing (e.g., MMSE score below threshold) * Supporting evidence from brain imaging (CT or MRI) and/or cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (if available) * Stable medical condition allowing participation in study procedures Exclusion Criteria: For All Participants: * History of major psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) * Significant neurological conditions other than Alzheimer's disease (e.g., Parkinson's disease, stroke) * Active malignancy or history of cancer within the past 5 years (except localized skin cancer) * Severe renal, hepatic, or cardiovasc…