Evaluating Two Nursing Interventions to Prevent Urinary Retention After Spinal Anesthesia

Inclusion Criteria: Patients who meet all of the following criteria will be included: * Age 18 years or older * No diagnosis of urolithiasis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, neurogenic bladder, cancer, or other malignancy * No diagnosis of urinary tract infection within the last month * No history of prior urological surgery or surgery involving the sacral region * No history of urinary retention * Not using antidepressants, antipsychotics, muscarinic receptor antagonists, alpha-blockers, or similar medications * No contraindication for applying cold to the suprapubic area or massage to the sacral area (e.g., no pacemaker, bladder stimulator, or other sensitive electronic medical device in the sacral region) * No visual, hearing, cognitive, or perceptual impairment Exclusion Criteria:Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded: * Duration of surgery longer than 2 hours * Urinary catheterization performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, or postoperatively * Blood transfusion performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, or postoperatively * Development of complications such as hypothermia, bleeding, or other conditions that prevent the application of dry cold or sacral massage in the preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative period * Transfer to the intensive care unit after surgery.